Skin recovery by Lavandula angustifolia leaf callus extract: Redox control of Nrf2 signaling

Lavandula angustifolia has been historically utilized for its therapeutic properties, particularly in essential oils, teas, and extracts. Despite several reports on the benefits of lavender, particularly its efficacy in skin healing, research on the underlying molecular mechanisms is limited. This study investigated the effects of Lavandula angustifolia leaf callus extract (LCE) on human skin recovery by focusing on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that LCE significantly enhanced skin cell viability and reduced oxidative stress and melanin content. Molecular analyses revealed that LCE treatment upregulated Nrf2 and the associated antioxidant response element (ARE) genes and downregulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). This modulation of the Nrf2 pathway leads to the increased expression of key antioxidant enzymes, promoting cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. In vitro assays confirmed that LCE improves wound healing, displaying potent antioxidant activities by reducing free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels. Clinical tests further supported these findings, showing that LCE enhanced skin barrier function, reduced redness, and protected against particulate matter adhesion. This study underscores the potential of LCE as a therapeutic agent for skin recovery, primarily through targeted activation and regulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, highlighting its promise for applications in the pharmacological and cosmetic fields.