Voiding Dysfunction and Parkinson Disease in Geriatric Patients

Urinary symptoms suggestive of overactive bladder are common nonmotor symptoms associated with Parkinson disease (PD) that increase burden of living with PD as well as the risk of falls and institutionalization. Emerging evidence suggests lifestyle and behavioral therapies including pelvic floor muscle exercise-based treatments are reasonable initial strategies. When considering medication-based therapies clinicians should assess for common comorbid conditions such as falls, constipation, sleep disturbance, and orthostatic hypotension, which may influence the potential for adverse drug events. If considering surgical interventions, it is important to distinguish idiopathic PD from other parkinsonian conditions such as multiple system atrophy, to optimize outcomes.