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Perinatal Resources and Wildfire Smoke.

Michel Boudreaux1, Maranna Yoder2, Evan Ellicott3

  • 1Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wildfire smoke exposure disproportionately affects pregnant individuals and infants. High-risk areas have reduced access to essential perinatal care, including fewer OB-GYNs and greater distances to hospitals and NICUs.

Keywords:
climate changeperinatal carewildfires

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Wildfire smoke poses significant health risks to pregnant people and infants.
  • The availability of critical perinatal healthcare resources in smoke-impacted regions remains largely unexamined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess and map the distribution of perinatal care resources in U.S. counties with varying wildfire smoke exposure levels.
  • To identify disparities in access to maternity care and neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) based on wildfire smoke risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Hazard Mapping System for wildfire smoke exposure (2016-2020) across U.S. counties.
  • Assessed perinatal resources including proximity to maternity hospitals and NICUs, hospital volume, geographic isolation, and availability of OB-GYN and family medicine physicians.
  • Employed geographic mapping and regression analyses to compare resource availability by smoke risk, including a subgroup analysis of rural counties.

Main Results:

  • Counties with high wildfire smoke risk exhibited significantly fewer OB-GYNs per 10,000 births compared to low-risk counties.
  • High-risk counties were located farther from the nearest maternity hospital and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).
  • These disparities in access to perinatal care persisted even after accounting for sociodemographic factors and were evident in rural areas.

Conclusions:

  • Communities frequently exposed to wildfire smoke often face geographic barriers to essential healthcare services for pregnant individuals and newborns.
  • Findings highlight an urgent need to improve healthcare infrastructure and access in wildfire-prone regions to mitigate risks for vulnerable populations.