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Related Concept Videos

Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

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Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
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Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

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The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
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Updated: May 12, 2025

Severe Burn Injury in a Swine Model for Clinical Dressing Assessment
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Cutaneous Chemical Burns: Water Irrigation First Aid Improves Short-term Outcomes.

Hayley Chai1, Lisa Martin2,3, Rachel Kornhaber4,5

  • 1Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.

Journal of Burn Care & Research : Official Publication of the American Burn Association
|May 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Prompt water irrigation for chemical burns significantly reduces hospital stays and the need for surgery. This first aid measure improves outcomes without affecting intensive care admission rates.

Keywords:
AustraliaNew Zealandchemical burnsfirst aidtherapeutic irrigationwater

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Burn Care
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chemical burns require immediate first aid, with copious water irrigation being a standard recommendation.
  • The efficacy of water irrigation in improving short-term outcomes for chemical burn injuries requires further clinical assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of water irrigation as a first aid measure for chemical burns.
  • To determine the impact of water irrigation timing and duration on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of data from the Australian and New Zealand Burn registry (2009-2020).
  • Categorization of water irrigation based on presence, timing (prehospital vs. in-hospital), and duration.
  • Multivariate regression analyses to assess effects on hospital stay, ICU admission, and acute surgery.

Main Results:

  • In-hospital first aid with water irrigation reduced hospital stay by approximately 18%.
  • Prehospital and in-hospital water irrigation decreased the likelihood of requiring acute surgery by 37% and 31%, respectively.
  • No significant impact of water irrigation on intensive care unit admission rates was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Water irrigation as first aid for chemical burns is associated with shorter hospital stays.
  • Early water irrigation significantly reduces the need for acute surgical intervention in chemical burn patients.
  • Water irrigation does not appear to influence the requirement for intensive care admission.