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An In Vitro Tube Model for Cell Biocompatibility Study of Capping Materials for Regenerative Endodontics.

Nela Pilbauerova1, Divyamaanasa Dasi2, Isaac J De Souza Araujo2

  • 1Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.

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Summary

Hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) in fibrin gel shows high biocompatibility for dental pulp cells in vitro. Fresh Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine negatively impact cell viability, unlike HA-TCP.

Keywords:
BiodentineMTAcalcium silicate-based cementscapping materialscell biocompatibilitycytotoxicitydental pulp stem cellsfibrin gelhydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphatetube model

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Dentistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell-based pulp regeneration requires biocompatible capping materials to seal teeth after cell delivery.
  • Assessing the immediate biocompatibility of capping materials with injected cells in vitro presents challenges.
  • A novel tube model was developed to directly and conveniently observe cell responses to capping materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of various dental capping materials with dental pulp cells using a simulated root canal tube model.
  • To compare the cellular response to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP), composite, and glass ionomer.
  • To investigate the influence of capping materials on cell morphology and the potential role of pH changes in observed toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Dental pulp cells labeled with fluorescence were mixed with fibrin gel and loaded into tapered plastic tubes simulating root canals.
  • The apical end of the tubes was sealed with different capping materials: MTA, Biodentine, HA-TCP, composite, and glass ionomer.
  • Cell morphology was observed microscopically over time, and pH changes within the tubes were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Fresh MTA and Biodentine exhibited adverse effects on cell morphology and viability.
  • Composite and glass ionomer showed better cell tolerance compared to MTA and Biodentine.
  • HA-TCP in fibrin gel demonstrated the highest cell compatibility; however, it did not mitigate the toxicity of MTA or Biodentine when used as a separating layer. Increased pH within the tubes correlated with observed toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) in fibrin gel is a highly biocompatible capping material for dental pulp cells in vitro.
  • Fresh MTA and Biodentine are cytotoxic to dental pulp cells in this model, potentially due to increased pH.
  • The developed tube model offers a convenient method for assessing the immediate biocompatibility of dental capping materials.