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Assessing the Causal Relationship between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Tuberculosis: A Mendelian
Zhuo Wang1, Shuang Zhao1, Yiwu Zhou2,3,4
1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases tuberculosis risk, but not vice versa. This highlights the need for enhanced tuberculosis screening in COPD patients, particularly younger individuals.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis (TB) are major global health issues.
- The co-occurrence of COPD and TB is common, but their causal relationship is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between COPD and TB using Mendelian randomization.
- To explore age-specific causal effects of COPD on TB risk.
Main Methods:
- Bidirectional two-sample and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses were performed.
- Genome-wide association study datasets from FinnGen and MRC-IEU were utilized.
- COPD patients were stratified by age to analyze causal relationships separately.
Main Results:
- Tuberculosis did not significantly increase the risk of COPD.
- COPD was found to significantly increase the risk of developing tuberculosis.
- This increased risk was particularly notable in younger COPD patients (under 65).
Conclusions:
- COPD is a potential risk factor for developing tuberculosis.
- Tuberculosis does not appear to cause COPD.
- Enhanced TB prevention and screening are recommended for COPD patients, especially younger ones.
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