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A Case of Infective Endocarditis Caused by Beta-Lactam Resistant Streptococcus Alactolyticus

Melina Ntoga1, Vasileios Emmanouil2, Eirini Terzi1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Second University Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|May 12, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Streptococcus alactolyticus is a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). This case highlights the challenges of beta-lactam resistance and the need for vigilant monitoring and optimized treatment strategies for this emerging pathogen.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Streptococcus alactolyticus is an uncommon pathogen responsible for human infections.
  • Reports of infective endocarditis (IE) caused by S. alactolyticus are limited.
  • This study focuses on a specific case to illustrate the clinical challenges associated with S. alactolyticus IE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of infective endocarditis caused by beta-lactam resistant Streptococcus alactolyticus.
  • To highlight the complications and treatment challenges associated with this rare infection.
  • To emphasize the need for increased clinical awareness and optimized management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 68-year-old male with severe aortic stenosis.
  • Description of the clinical course, diagnostic findings, and treatment interventions.
  • Review of the patient's response to antimicrobial therapy and development of complications.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed infective endocarditis due to beta-lactam resistant Streptococcus alactolyticus.
  • Initial treatment with vancomycin and gentamicin provided temporary improvement.
  • Complications included splenic infarction and an aortic root abscess, leading to multiorgan failure and patient demise.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of resistant pathogens like S. alactolyticus is crucial.
  • Appropriate antibiotic selection and close monitoring for complications are essential for managing IE.
  • Rising beta-lactam resistance in streptococcal infections necessitates ongoing surveillance and research.
Keywords:
Infective endocarditisStreptococcus alactolyticus

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