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PM2.5 affected ciliary beat frequency of axonemes via the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase a pathway

Jinyan Pang1,2, Zhiqin Xiong1,2, Kexin Zhang1,2

  • 1Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Public Health
|May 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure impacts airway cilia. Low PM2.5 levels stimulate ciliary beat frequency, but high concentrations and prolonged exposure may damage respiratory cilia, increasing lung disease risk.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory physiology
  • Environmental toxicology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Long-term inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with lung diseases.
  • The mucociliary clearance system, crucial for airway defense, relies on ciliary beat frequency (CBF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the effect of PM2.5 on CBF.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced alterations in CBF.
  • To explore the role of the cAMP-PKA pathway in PM2.5's impact on airway axonemes.

Main Methods:

  • Airway axonemes were isolated from bovine ciliated epithelium.
  • Axonemes were exposed to varying concentrations of PM2.5 in vitro for short-term (10 min) and prolonged (1 h) periods.
  • The involvement of the cAMP-PKA pathway was assessed using PKA activators and inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • PM2.5 exposure stimulated CBF in airway axonemes, mediated by the cAMP-PKA pathway.
  • Low concentrations and short-term PM2.5 exposure led to increased CBF.
  • High concentrations and prolonged PM2.5 exposure showed potential for respiratory cilia damage.

Conclusions:

  • PM2.5 influences CBF through the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway.
  • The concentration and duration of PM2.5 exposure are critical factors determining its effect on ciliary function.
  • Exposure to high levels or prolonged PM2.5 may impair airway defense mechanisms, elevating respiratory disease risk.
Keywords:
PKAPM2.5airway axonemescAMPciliary beat frequency

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