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4D Porosity Evolution in Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel through In-Situ Tensile Testing and X-Ray
D Hertz-Eichenrode1,2, H Talebinezhad1, A Shmatok1
1Materials Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA.
Experimental Mechanics
|May 12, 2025
Summary
Researchers used in-situ X-ray computed tomography (XCT) to observe ductile failure in 316L Stainless Steel. This method revealed microvoid coalescence mechanisms and linked void evolution to fracture surface characteristics.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Mechanical Engineering
- Additive Manufacturing
Background:
- Ductile failure via microvoid coalescence is poorly understood due to scale challenges.
- Current knowledge relies on post-mortem analysis, missing dynamic evolution.
- Experimentally resolving microvoid coalescence remains a key research goal.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize void evolution during ductile failure using advanced imaging.
- To investigate microvoid coalescence in additively manufactured materials.
- To correlate in-situ observations with macroscopic material behavior.
Main Methods:
- Employed in-situ X-ray computed tomography (XCT) tensile testing.
- Utilized 316L Stainless Steel samples with tailored, pre-existing voids.
- Focused on laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) manufactured components.
Main Results:
- Void populations increased under loading, with new voids becoming detectable.
- Interconnection events occurred when stress concentrations exceeded yield stress.
- Void structure before failure strongly correlated with fracture surface features.
Conclusions:
- In-situ XCT provided unprecedented visualization of void evolution.
- Quantified void dynamics and their link to stress-strain behavior.
- Established high-fidelity correlation between porosity and fracture characteristics.
