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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

283
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Introduction to Developmental Psychology01:27

Introduction to Developmental Psychology

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Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.
Developmental Milestones
A key concept in developmental psychology is...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Updated: May 13, 2025

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
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Estimating Age-Related Change in Infants' Linguistic and Cognitive Development Using (Meta-)Meta-Analysis.

Anjie Cao1, Molly Lewis2, Sho Tsuji3

  • 1Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Developmental Science
|May 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most cognitive development research assumes linear growth, but this study found minimal age-related changes in early development. This challenges standard assumptions and highlights the need for consistent measurement across age groups.

Keywords:
age‐related changecognitive developmentlinguistic developmentmeta‐analysispublication bias

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Developmental psychology examines age-related changes in psychological constructs.
  • Cognitive development research often assumes linear growth, using chronological age as a predictor.
  • The specifics of developmental emergence are frequently underspecified in current research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the assumption of linear growth in early cognitive and linguistic development.
  • To examine the functional form of age trajectories across 25 developmental phenomena.
  • To challenge conventional models of cognitive development.

Main Methods:

  • Combined results from multiple meta-analyses within the Metalab open database.
  • Analyzed age trajectories for 25 phenomena in early linguistic and cognitive development.
  • Investigated four hypotheses to explain observed patterns of age-related effects.

Main Results:

  • Surprisingly, effect sizes for most phenomena did not change meaningfully across age.
  • None of the investigated hypotheses (selection bias, methodological adaptation, subset changes, post-infancy growth) explained the lack of observed growth.
  • The assumption of linear growth was not supported for the majority of early developmental phenomena studied.

Conclusions:

  • Challenges the prevalent assumption of linear growth in early cognitive development.
  • Suggests the importance of uniform measurement across diverse age groups in developmental studies.
  • Underscores the need to re-evaluate how age-related changes are modeled in developmental psychology.