Precision acute medical care through "-omic" analyses: a scoping review

Area of Science:

• Biomedical research
• Translational science
• Clinical informatics

Background:

• -Omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) are increasingly utilized in acute care.
• A systematic assessment of the current scope of this research is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the application of -omics analyses in acute medical conditions.
• To identify trends, research gaps, and barriers to implementation in acute care settings.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of studies involving human subjects with acute conditions and -omics biosample analyses.
• Inclusion criteria informed by SAEM Precision Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference; infectious disease studies excluded.
• Analysis of 421 eligible articles from 7,531 screened records.

Main Results:

• Most studies were observational, frequently employing single nucleotide polymorphism analysis.
• Cardiovascular and trauma conditions were common research areas.
• Limited inclusion of pediatric (12.4%) and geriatric populations; many studies occurred outside emergency departments.

Conclusions:

• -Omics research in acute care is growing but largely observational with minimal clinical integration.
• Key barriers include slow turnaround times, poor electronic health record integration, and underrepresentation of specific populations.
• -Omics advancement requires interdisciplinary collaboration, defined research priorities, and implementation-focused studies.