Development of MgO-loaded PLA/dECM antibacterial nanofibrous membranes for enhanced gingival regeneration

Clinically, gingival tissue repair is challenging due to the complex oral microbial environment and inflammation. The development of gingival membranes using tissue engineering techniques offers a promising solution to this issue. This study focuses on developing a nanofibrous gingival membrane, combining polylactic acid (PLA), decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. Electrospinning was used to fabricate membranes with varying ratios of PLA, dECM, and MgO, and their mechanical, antibacterial, and cell-proliferation properties were evaluated. NIH-3T3 and rat gingival fibroblast (RGF) cells were cultured on the membranes to assess biocompatibility. A rat model with gingival defects was used to test in vivo tissue regeneration. It was indicated that the antibacterial nanofibrous membranes with MgO showed enhanced antibacterial effects and reduced inflammation, and promoted gingival tissue repair.