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The Prevalence of Hypertension Among Children and Antihypertensive Use: Protocol for a Systematic Review and

Nur Hasnah Maamor1, Nur Ain Zahidah Zainudin2, Nur Liana Md Nasir3

  • 1Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia.

JMIR Research Protocols
|May 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This systematic review synthesizes global data on childhood hypertension (HT) prevalence and antihypertensive (anti-HT) use. Findings will inform strategies for preventing and managing this growing public health concern.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Early-onset hypertension (HT) in children poses significant risks for lifelong cardiovascular and renal complications.
  • Childhood HT is increasingly prevalent globally, yet often goes undetected due to measurement challenges.
  • Existing prevalence estimates require comprehensive global synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize global evidence on the prevalence of childhood hypertension.
  • To investigate the use of antihypertensive (anti-HT) medications in children.
  • To evaluate the blood pressure-lowering effects of anti-HT treatments in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of observational and experimental studies, searching PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, and Scopus databases until October 2024.
  • Inclusion criteria: English language, full-text, peer-reviewed articles on children (0-18 years) with confirmed HT on at least three occasions.
  • Data synthesis using STATA for pooled prevalence and RevMan for treatment effects, adhering to PRISMA and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.

Main Results:

  • 14,575 articles were retrieved; analysis will report global and regional prevalence of childhood HT.
  • Findings will detail risk factors, anti-HT medication use, and the efficacy of these treatments in lowering blood pressure in children.
  • Results will be presented via summary tables and forest plots, with anticipated completion in mid-2025.

Conclusions:

  • This review offers a crucial synthesis of childhood hypertension prevalence, highlighting it as a major public health issue.
  • The findings will provide essential data to guide the development of effective prevention and management strategies for pediatric HT.
  • This research aims to inform clinical practice and public health policy concerning childhood hypertension.
Abstract

Keywords:
HPNanti-hypertensiveblood pressurechildhood hypertensionchildrenchildren hypertensionhigh blood pressurehypertensionmeta-analysisprevalenceprotocolrisk factorsystematic reviewteenager

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