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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

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Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent...
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IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

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Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
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IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

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A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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Vibrational circular dichroism beyond solutions.

Monika Krupová1, Valery Andrushchenko2

  • 1Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University (UJ) in Krakow, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|May 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy, while established for solutions, has rare solid-state applications due to challenges. This review explores historical, methodological, and future directions for solid-state VCD analysis.

Keywords:
Chiroptical spectroscopyEnhanced VCDSolid-state VCD (SD-VCD)Supramolecular VCDSupramolecular chiralityVCD artifactsVibrational circular dichroism (VCD)Vibrational spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Chiroptical techniques
  • Solid-state chemistry

Background:

  • Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy is a powerful tool, widely used for absolute configuration determination in solution.
  • Applications of VCD to solid-state samples are less common due to significant methodological and theoretical hurdles.
  • Early solid-state VCD experiments faced challenges that limited widespread adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of solid-state VCD spectroscopy applications.
  • To examine the historical development and methodological advancements in the field.
  • To outline current challenges and future prospects for solid-state VCD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on solid-state VCD experiments.
  • Categorization of various solid-state VCD experimental approaches.
  • Overview of theoretical methodologies supporting experimental developments.

Main Results:

  • Solid-state VCD, despite challenges, has seen diverse experimental explorations.
  • A historical perspective reveals the evolution of techniques and applications.
  • Key challenges and theoretical underpinnings of solid-state VCD are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state VCD spectroscopy offers unique insights but requires overcoming methodological and theoretical complexities.
  • The review highlights the potential for broader application of VCD in solid-state analysis.
  • Future developments are anticipated to enhance the accessibility and utility of solid-state VCD.