Wearable fNIRS platform for dense sampling and precision functional neuroimaging

Precision mental health aims to improve care by tailoring interventions based on individual neurobiological features. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a cost-effective and portable alternative to traditional neuroimaging, making it a promising tool for this purpose. This study evaluates a self-administered, wearable fNIRS platform designed for precision mental health applications, focusing on its reliability and specificity in capturing individualized functional connectivity patterns. The platform incorporates a wireless, portable multichannel fNIRS device, augmented reality guidance for reproducible device placement, and a cloud-based system for remote data access. In this proof-of-concept study, eight adults completed ten dense-sampled sessions involving cognitive tasks and resting-state measurements. Results demonstrated high test-retest reliability and within-participant consistency in functional connectivity and activation patterns. These findings support the platform's feasibility for individualized functional mapping. Future research with larger and more diverse cohorts, including clinical populations, is necessary to explore its potential for disorder-specific applications.