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Forward Strides in Academic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Gender Representation: 2025 Update
Holly Cordray1, Adina Singer1, Helen Molteni1
1From the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|May 13, 2025
Summary
Women are increasingly represented in plastic surgery leadership, with associate program directors (PDs) showing significant female growth. Female PDs are linked to greater inclusion of female trainees and faculty.
Area of Science:
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Academic Medicine
- Gender Studies
Background:
- Gender disparities persist in academic plastic surgery leadership despite progress.
- This study examines gender distribution in leadership roles relative to faculty and trainees.
Purpose of the Study:
- To map gender distributions of plastic surgery chiefs and program directors (PDs).
- To analyze how leadership reflects and influences the broader gender landscape in the field.
Main Methods:
- National cross-sectional study of academic plastic surgery program websites and social media.
- Gender determination via documented pronouns; collection of leader career metrics.
- Statistical analysis including Chi-square, t-tests, and ANCOVA to evaluate gender differences and associations.
Main Results:
- Women constitute 26.4% of faculty and 50.9% of residents.
- Female representation in leadership: 13.5% of chiefs, 22.5% of primary PDs, 43.1% of associate PDs.
- Associate PDs are significantly more likely to be female; female leaders correlate with higher female faculty and trainee representation.
Conclusions:
- Gender inclusion is advancing in academic plastic surgery.
- Parity among trainees suggests future shifts in leadership demographics.
