Multiple target detection using photonic radar for autonomous vehicles under atmospheric rain conditions

Photonic radar systems offer a promising solution for high-precision sensing in various applications, particularly in autonomous vehicles, where reliable detection of obstacles in real-time is critical for safety. However, environmental conditions such as atmospheric turbulence and rain attenuation significantly impact radar performance, potentially compromising detection accuracy. This study aims to assess the performance of a photonic radar system under different environmental scenarios, including free-space, Gamma-Gamma atmospheric turbulence, and light and heavy rain conditions, with a focus on detecting three distinct targets positioned at various distances. Our simulations demonstrate that Gamma-Gamma atmospheric turbulence introduces variability in the received signal, with fluctuations becoming more pronounced at greater distances. Additionally, rain attenuation was found to substantially degrade performance, with heavy rain causing up to a 1 dBm reduction in received power at 50 meters and nearly a 1.5 dBm reduction at 100 meters, compared to light rain. For three targets located at 50m, 100m, and 150m, the combined effects of rain and turbulence were particularly noticeable at longer distances, with the received power under heavy rain dropping to -100.4 dBm at 150 meters. These findings indicate the importance of accounting for environmental conditions in the design of photonic radar systems, especially for autonomous vehicle applications. Future improvements could focus on developing adaptive radar techniques to compensate for adverse weather effects, ensuring robust and reliable performance under varying operational conditions. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of photonic radar technology with an advanced modeling framework that accounts for both free-space propagation and adverse weather conditions. Unlike conventional radar studies, our work incorporates Gamma-Gamma turbulence modeling and rain attenuation effects to provide a more comprehensive analysis of radar performance in real-world environments. This study also proposes an optimized detection strategy for multiple targets at varying distances, demonstrating the potential of photonic radar for autonomous vehicle applications.