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Published on: May 29, 2020
Granulomatous Hepatitis
Kayla Prentice1, Cynthia R L Webster1
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
Abstract:
Granulomatous hepatitis (GH) is a subset of chronic hepatitis in which the predominant inflammatory infiltrate consists of macrophages. It can be associated with systemic granulomatous disease or confined to the liver. When associated with systemic disease, infectious causes (bacterial, fungal, protozoal, or metazoan) are more common, while disease confined to the liver is often idiopathic. Dogs with idiopathic GH most often present acutely ill, with fever, high white blood cell counts, and with ultrasound finding of a large liver often with nodules and characteristic hyperechoic parenchymal bands.
Insights
Granulomatous hepatitis (GH) is a liver inflammation characterized by macrophage infiltrates. In dogs, idiopathic GH often presents acutely with fever, elevated white blood cell counts, and characteristic liver ultrasound findings.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Hepatology
- Immunology
Background:
- Granulomatous hepatitis (GH) is a form of chronic hepatitis.
- The predominant inflammatory infiltrate in GH consists of macrophages.
- GH can be associated with systemic granulomatous disease or be confined to the liver.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical presentation and diagnostic findings of granulomatous hepatitis in dogs.
- To differentiate between infectious and idiopathic causes of GH in canine patients.
- To highlight the typical ultrasonographic features of idiopathic GH in dogs.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical records of dogs diagnosed with granulomatous hepatitis.
- Analysis of clinical signs, laboratory results, and diagnostic imaging (ultrasound).
- Histopathological examination of liver biopsies to confirm diagnosis and characterize inflammation.
Main Results:
- Infectious causes are more common in systemic granulomatous disease.
- Idiopathic GH in dogs often presents with acute illness, fever, and leukocytosis.
- Ultrasound findings in idiopathic canine GH include a large liver with nodules and hyperechoic parenchymal bands.
Conclusions:
- Granulomatous hepatitis in dogs has distinct presentations based on etiology.
- Idiopathic GH in dogs is characterized by specific clinical and ultrasonographic findings.
- Early recognition of these features aids in diagnosis and management of canine granulomatous hepatitis.
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