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Phylogenetic Position of Hungarian Grey Cattle Breed Based on Total-Representation Sample
Ákos Maróti-Agóts1, Zsombor Wagenhoffer1, Csilla Józsa2
1Institute of Animal Breeding Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|May 14, 2025
Summary
The Hungarian Grey cattle breed, nearly extinct after WW2, shows high genetic diversity and a pure taurine origin. Its unique genetic background is preserved, distinguishing it from other Podolian cattle.
Area of Science:
- Animal Genomics
- Conservation Genetics
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- The Hungarian Grey (HG) cattle breed faced near extinction post-WW2, with limited surviving individuals.
- Previous genetic studies lacked comprehensive, representative sampling for accurate diversity and evolutionary assessments.
- Understanding HG cattle's genetic status is crucial for conservation and breed history.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comprehensive genomic analysis of the Hungarian Grey cattle breed.
- To investigate the breed's phylogenetic placement and evolutionary history using a representative sample.
- To assess the genetic diversity and conservation status of the Hungarian Grey cattle.
Main Methods:
- Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation analysis.
- Phylogenetic analysis of 110 founder individuals.
- Haplotype diversity and genetic similarity assessments.
Main Results:
- All identified haplogroups belong to the taurine T macro-haplogroup, predominantly T3 (89.1%).
- Phylogenetic analysis confirmed a purely taurine origin, with no ancient European aurochs haplogroups.
- High haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.94) and genetic similarity to Podolian breeds, especially Maremmana cattle, were observed.
Conclusions:
- The Hungarian Grey cattle breed possesses a preserved genetic background and high diversity.
- The breed exhibits a purely taurine origin, distinct from ancient European aurochs.
- Selective breeding and limited crossbreeding maintained the HG breed's original beef production purpose.
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