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Research Advances in the Immunomodulatory Functions of CD100/SEMA4D and Their Roles in Viral Infectious Diseases
Mengxiao Zhao1,2,3, Liwei Chen1,2,3, Yuhang Chen1,2,3
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Abstract:
CD100/SEMA4D, a member of the Semaphorin family, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that regulates neurogenesis, immune modulation, and angiogenesis, with its immunoregulatory roles having attracted considerable attention. It is dynamically expressed on the surface of diverse immune cells-including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells-with expression levels modulated by cellular activation states. CD100 exists in two functional forms: membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) and soluble CD100 (sCD100) generated via proteolytic cleavage. Recent studies have highlighted its critical involvement in viral infectious diseases. This review systematically summarizes the molecular characteristics, expression patterns, and regulatory functions of CD100 on different immune cells, and discusses its role in viral infectious diseases and its clinical application potential.
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