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Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

6.1K
The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
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Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

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Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

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Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2025

RhoC GTPase Activation Assay
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RhoC GTPase Activation Assay

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Pan-Cancer Analysis Identifies a Ras-Related GTPase as a Potential Modulator of Cancer.

Hsiang-Yin Hsueh1,2,3, Kristyn Gumpper-Fedus1,2, Jelmer W Poelstra4

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 (RASD1) is downregulated in many cancers, suggesting a tumor suppressor role. High RASD1 expression correlates with better prognosis and increased immune cell infiltration, indicating its potential in cancer therapy.

Keywords:
RASD1TCGAcancer prognosisimmune infiltration

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Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Ras signaling is crucial in cancer, but roles of less-studied Ras-related genes are unclear.
  • Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 (RASD1) exhibits tumor-suppressive functions (inhibits growth, induces apoptosis).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate RASD1 expression patterns across various human tissues and cancers.
  • To explore the correlation between RASD1 expression, cancer prognosis, and immune cell infiltration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RASD1 mRNA expression using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Human Protein Atlas, and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases.
  • Correlation analysis with promoter methylation, patient prognosis, and immune cell infiltration.
  • Exploration of co-expressed genes to infer functional pathways.

Main Results:

  • RASD1 mRNA expression is significantly downregulated in multiple cancer types compared to normal tissues.
  • Downregulation correlates with low promoter methylation; high RASD1 expression is linked to favorable prognosis.
  • Elevated RASD1 expression is associated with increased infiltration of CD4+ T cells and myeloid-derived dendritic cells.

Conclusions:

  • RASD1 functions as a potential tumor suppressor gene with downregulated expression in various cancers.
  • RASD1 expression may serve as a prognostic biomarker and influence anti-tumor immunity.
  • RASD1 potentially modulates immune signaling, interleukin-4-mediated apoptosis, and PTEN gene transcription.