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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

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Published on: October 1, 2015

Systemic defense signaling in Austrian pine.

Soumya K Ghosh¹, Jelmer W Poelstra², David Mackey^3,4

¹Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.

The New Phytologist

|February 26, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plant hormones like abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are crucial for activating systemic induced resistance (SIR) in Austrian pine against fungal pathogens. Early ABA and sustained JA signaling, alongside mobile methyl jasmonate (MeJA), orchestrate this defense response.

Keywords:

Austrian pine long‐distance signal methyl jasmonate necrotrophic infection phytohormones recognition stress signaling systemic induced resistance

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Area of Science:

Plant Pathology
Plant Physiology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Systemic induced resistance (SIR) is vital for plant defense against pathogens.
Plant hormones regulate systemic responses, but their role in SIR against necrotrophic fungi in trees is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of plant hormones and gene expression in SIR against Diplodia pinea in Austrian pine.
To elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics of hormone accumulation and transcriptomic changes during SIR.

Main Methods:

Analysis of local and systemic hormone accumulation (ABA, JA, MeJA).
Transcriptomic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes.
Correlation of hormone levels with gene expression related to defense pathways.

Main Results:

Gene expression analysis revealed enrichment in pattern recognition, defense, and hormone signaling pathways (JA, ABA, auxin, gibberellin).
Hormone profiling showed spatiotemporal accumulation of ABA, JA, MeJA, and related compounds coinciding with transcriptomic changes.
Early ABA signaling and sustained JA/MeJA signaling were identified as key mediators of SIR.

Conclusions:

Austrian pine utilizes a complex hormonal signaling network for SIR against D. pinea.
Early abscisic acid (ABA) and sustained jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, including mobile methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are critical for full SIR activation.