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Fluid Biomarkers in Demyelinating Spectrum Disorders: Past, Present, and Prospects.

Anca-Maria Florea^1,2, Monica Neațu^1,2, Dimela-Gabriela Luca²

¹Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|May 14, 2025

Summary

Researchers are developing ideal biomarkers to accurately diagnose central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders and track disease progression, aiding treatment strategies.

Keywords:

MOGAD biomarker disease-modifying therapy multiple sclerosis neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Biomarker Research
Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders

Background:

The diagnosis of CNS demyelinating disorders requires improved accuracy.
Distinguishing between different pathologies and disease subtypes (e.g., relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis) is challenging.
The development of ideal biomarkers is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review technological advances in biomarker research for CNS demyelinating disorders.
To outline the historical, current, and future impact of these biomarkers on diagnosis and therapy.
To discuss the ongoing search for ideal biomarkers for precise disease differentiation.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on diagnostic algorithms and biomarkers for CNS demyelinating diseases.
Analysis of technological advancements facilitating biomarker discovery and validation.
Examination of the impact of biomarkers on clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

The diagnostic algorithm for CNS demyelinating disorders is evolving.
Technological progress is accelerating the identification and application of potential biomarkers.
Biomarkers show promise in differentiating between various demyelinating pathologies and their subtypes.

Conclusions:

The quest for ideal biomarkers for CNS demyelinating disorders is ongoing.
Advances in technology are crucial for developing accurate diagnostic tools.
Effective biomarkers will significantly impact the diagnosis and treatment of these neurological conditions.