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Relationship Between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Diets, and Cardiovascular Medication
Teresa Lopez de Coca1,2, Pablo Maya1, Victoria Villagrasa1,2
1Cátedra DeCo MICOF-CEU UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
Insights
Adhering to anti-inflammatory diets like AnMED may reduce cardiovascular disease risk and reliance on blood pressure medications. Lowering the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) through diet can improve cardiovascular health.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Cardiovascular Health
- Inflammation Biology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CV) are a major global health concern.
- Diet and systemic inflammation significantly influence CV disease risk.
- Healthy dietary patterns like Mediterranean (MED), DASH, and Anti-inflammatory (AnMED) diets show potential in reducing CV risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the association between adherence to healthy dietary patterns and cardiovascular (CV) treatments.
- To assess the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and medication use.
- To explore the impact of specific diets on nutrient intake and CV health.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study in the Valencian Community, Spain.
- Food frequency questionnaire used to assess adherence to MED, DASH, and AnMED diets.
- Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis tests and linear regression models to evaluate DII, nutrient intake, and medication use.
Main Results:
- Higher DII scores correlated with increased antihypertensive medication use (p < 0.001).
- The AnMED diet showed the strongest association with lower DII scores (p-adjust < 0.001).
- Predictive modeling indicated a 14.28% increase in antihypertensive use per unit rise in DII. The AnMED diet was linked to improved micronutrient intake.
Conclusions:
- The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) effectively assesses dietary inflammatory potential.
- Lower DII diets, such as the AnMED diet, may reduce systemic inflammation and improve CV health.
- Adherence to the AnMED diet could lower blood pressure and decrease antihypertensive medication reliance, supporting CV disease prevention.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain a leading global health challenge, being influenced by diet and systemic inflammation. Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean (MED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Anti-inflammatory (AnMED) diets, may reduce the CV risk.
Background/Objectives:
We aimed to evaluate the association between the adherence to healthy dietary patterns and CV treatments.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Valencian Community, Spain. Nutritional data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire to assess the adherence to MED, DASH, and AnMED dietary patterns. Statistical analyses, including Kruskal-Wallis tests and linear regression models, evaluated dietary adherence, nutrient intake, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and medication use.
Results:
Of 468 participants initially recruited, were included in the final analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria (88.48% female, mean age: 66.16 ± 9.59 years). A significant association was observed between the DII and antihypertensive use (p-value < 0.001), with higher DII scores correlating with increased antihypertensive consumption. Among dietary patterns, the AnMED diet exhibited the strongest association with the DII (p-adjust < 0.001). Predictive modeling revealed a 14.28% increase in antihypertensive use per unit rise in the DII. The AnMED diet was the only pattern significantly linked to improved micronutrient intake, including calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium.
Conclusions:
The DII is a useful tool for assessing the inflammatory potential of diets. Diets with lower DII scores, such as the AnMED diet, may reduce systemic inflammation and improve CV health. Adherence to the AnMED diet may lower blood pressure and reduce reliance on antihypertensive medications, supporting anti-inflammatory dietary patterns for CV disease prevention and management.
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