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Terahertz Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Inspection of an Ancient Enamel Plate.

Frédéric Fauquet1, Francesca Galluzzi2, Rémy Chapoulie2

  • 1Institute from Material to System Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, Université de. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 14, 2025
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Summary

Terahertz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) imaging non-destructively inspected a historical enamel plate. This rapid, non-contact method revealed subsurface fractures and surface details, showing potential for cultural heritage analysis.

Keywords:
ceramicearthenwarefracture detectionmillimeter wave radar imagingnon-destructive testingpigmentpolychrome glazesterahertz imagingthickness

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Area of Science:

  • Applied Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Cultural Heritage Science

Background:

  • Non-destructive testing (NDT) is crucial for preserving historical artifacts.
  • Terahertz (THz) imaging offers unique capabilities for subsurface analysis without causing damage.
  • Assessing the internal structure and material composition of historical objects like enamel plates presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of terahertz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) imaging for the non-destructive inspection of a historical enamel plate.
  • To demonstrate the system's ability to image both internal and surface structures using reflection and transmission modes.
  • To explore the potential of THz imaging for cultural heritage applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 300 GHz FMCW radar system for data acquisition.
  • Employed optimized data processing techniques to generate high-resolution images.
  • Conducted inspections in both reflection and transmission modes to capture comprehensive data.

Main Results:

  • Successfully imaged subsurface features, including fractures, within the enamel plate.
  • Identified surface-level textural variations correlated with decorative glazes.
  • Observed contrast variations in THz images suggesting potential links to material composition, though pigment differentiation remains difficult.

Conclusions:

  • Terahertz FMCW imaging is a viable non-destructive diagnostic tool for cultural heritage analysis.
  • The system is compact, rapid, and operates non-contact, making it suitable for in situ museum or restoration inspections.
  • Further research may enhance pigment analysis capabilities and broaden applications in artifact preservation.