Planned vs. Performed Treatment Regimens in Diabetic Macular Edema: Real-World Evidence from the PACIFIC Study

Background: Intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors are standard for diabetic macular edema (DME), yet a gap exists between clinical guidelines and actual practices. This study aimed to investigate the extent of deviation between physician-planned and actually performed treatment regimens. Methods: The PACIFIC study (NCT04847895) was a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study conducted in Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. A total of 910 patients with DME receiving ranibizumab were enrolled. Physicians documented the intended treatment regimen at baseline, and actual treatment patterns were retrospectively derived from the timing of visits and injections over a 24-month observation period. Results: Although most physicians initially planned fixed or pro re nata (PRN) regimens, 77% of pretreated and 73% of treatment-naïve patients ultimately followed a monitor and extend strategy. Treatment discontinuation was frequent (58.8% and 59.4%, respectively), and injection frequencies remained below recommended levels, although central retinal thickness improved over time. Conclusions: The study highlights a consistent and clinically relevant discrepancy between planned and actual treatment delivery in DME care, underscoring the need for better adherence to guideline-informed strategies in routine practice.