Using physiological biomarkers in forensic psychiatry: a scoping review

Area of Science:

• Forensic Psychiatry
• Psychiatry
• Neuroscience
• Criminology

Background:

• Forensic psychiatry aims to reduce recidivism and enhance safety, but current methods have limitations.
• Crime recidivism rates among forensic patients remain substantial, necessitating innovative approaches.
• Physiological biomarkers are increasingly explored for their potential in forensic psychiatric applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically scope the evidence on the use of physiological biomarkers in forensic psychiatry.
• To identify the extent, range, and characteristics of research in this field.
• To pinpoint gaps in the literature for future research directions.

Main Methods:

• A systematic scoping review following JBI methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
• Data extraction from 431 primary research studies by two independent reviewers.
• Analysis of study characteristics, biomarker types, assessment methods, and functional applications.

Main Results:

• Most studies originated from North America and Europe, employing observational and cross-sectional designs.
• Research predominantly focused on adult males with psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder or sexual disorders.
• Brain activity was the most common biomarker (51.3%), followed by peripheral sympathetic (29.2%) and sexual arousal (13.8%). Etiologic functions were most common (77.2%).

Conclusions:

• Significant gaps exist in the current literature regarding physiological biomarkers in forensic psychiatry.
• There is a need for more experimental and longitudinal research to integrate biomarkers into interventions, monitoring, and risk assessment.
• Future research should focus on juveniles, patients with psychotic and substance use disorders, and advanced peripheral arousal assessment methods.