In Vivo and In Vitro Accuracy and Precision Evaluations of Mini Electronic Apex Locators

Area of Science:

• Endodontics
• Dental Materials Science
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Accurate determination of working length is crucial for successful endodontic treatment.
• Electronic apex locators (EALs) are widely used to measure root canal length.
• The accuracy of EALs can be influenced by various intra-canal irrigants and conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro accuracy and precision of three EALs: Root ZXMini, Raypex6, and PropexPixi.
• To compare their performance in both dry and wet conditions using common endodontic irrigants.

Main Methods:

• In vivo study: 50 vital maxillary and mandibular incisors.
• In vitro study: 50 maxillary central incisors.
• Tested EALs in dry, 5.25% NaOCl, sterile saline, 2% chlorhexidine, and 17% EDTA conditions. Measurements were successful if EWLs were within ±0.5 mm of AWL. Statistical analysis included paired sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Chi-Square.

Main Results:

• No significant differences in precision, accuracy, or success rates were observed among the three EALs (p > 0.05).
• Root ZXMini and Raypex6 accurately detected the apical foramen zone in both dry and wet conditions.
• PropexPixi showed variations in EWLs relative to AWL and MAF depending on in vivo/in vitro settings and manufacturer's recommended reduction.

Conclusions:

• Root ZXMini, Raypex6, and PropexPixi demonstrate comparable and reliable performance in determining electronic working lengths.
• The tested EALs maintain their accuracy and precision across different intra-canal environments, including various irrigating solutions.
• Clinical use of these EALs is supported, with specific considerations for Propex Pixi's measurement adjustments.