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    Subtle visual feedback distortion (VFD) in virtual reality enhanced gait variability by increasing step width fluctuations. This method improved adaptability without reducing user motivation or comfort.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomechanics
    • Human-Computer Interaction

    Background:

    • Gait variability is essential for motor adaptation and learning.
    • Current methods to increase gait variability often use force perturbations, which can decrease user motivation.
    • Virtual reality (VR) offers a potential platform for novel gait perturbation methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if subtle visual feedback distortion (VFD) in VR can increase gait variability.
    • To assess if VFD impacts user motivation, embodiment, or simulator sickness.
    • To explore the underlying mechanisms of VFD-induced gait changes.

    Main Methods:

    • Twenty healthy adults performed a stepping task on a treadmill in an immersive VR environment.
    • Participants were exposed to a subtle, noise-like VFD of their avatar's foot position.
    • Gait variability (step width and length) was measured, alongside self-report questionnaires.

    Main Results:

    • VFD significantly increased step width variability by approximately 15%, indicating enhanced lateral adaptability.
    • Step length variability did not change significantly.
    • Participants exhibited compensatory foot placement adjustments, suggesting proprioceptive recalibration.
    • No significant changes were observed in embodiment, motivation, or simulator sickness.

    Conclusions:

    • Subtle VFD in VR is an effective, non-invasive method to increase gait variability, specifically step width variability.
    • This approach enhances adaptability without negatively impacting user experience or motivation.
    • VFD shows promise for promoting healthy gait dynamics and may be applicable in rehabilitation settings.