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Updated: May 8, 2026

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
Published on: December 27, 2012
Broadband and efficient third-harmonic generation from black phosphorus-hybrid plasmonic metasurfaces in the
Song Zhu1,2, Wenduo Chen1, Tugba Temel1,3
1School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract:
Black phosphorus (BP), with a mid-infrared (MIR) bandgap of 0.34 eV, presents itself as a promising material for MIR nonlinear optical applications. We report the realization of MIR third-harmonic generation (THG) in both BP and BP-hybrid plasmonic metasurfaces (BPM). BP exhibits a high third-order nonlinear susceptibility ([Formula: see text]) exceeding 10-18 m2/V2 in the MIR region with a maximum value of 1.55 × 10-17 m2/V2 at 5000 nm. The BP flake achieves a THG conversion efficiency of 1.4 × 10-5, surpassing that of other 2D materials by over one order of magnitude. To further enhance this nonlinear performance, a BPM is designed and fabricated to achieve a two-order-of-magnitude enhancement in THG, leading to a record conversion efficiency of 6.5 × 10-4, exceeding the performance of previously reported metasurfaces by more than one order of magnitude. These findings establish BP as a promising platform for next-generation MIR nonlinear optical devices.
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