Who do you tell about your hearing loss? A stigma-induced identity-threat model for adults with hearing loss

This paper collates findings from six studies in the special issue and maps them onto the Major and O'Brien (2005) model for a holistic representation of how adults with hearing loss (HL) experience stigma-induced identity threat, how they respond, and the association with hearing aid (HA) use.

Findings were obtained using a range of methods: qualitative interviews, Ecological Momentary Assessment, and Conversation Analysis in phase 1; and online self-report surveys in phase 2. Data from phase 1 informed the survey used in phase 2.

Phase 1 included 20 adults with HL and their significant others (SOs). Phase 2 included 331 adults with HL and 313 SOs.

Findings support the view of stigma being context and relationship specific as suggested by the Major and O'Brien (2005) model. 'Not telling' was found to be a key way that the stigma of HL is responded to in everyday life. HL disclosure, in addition to attitudes towards HAs, stereotypical beliefs, and personal characteristics, were associated with HA use.

Clinical implications are discussed, including how hearing care professionals might support adults with HL and their SOs who experience stigma related to HL and/or HAs.