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Updated: May 16, 2025

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
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Does executive function moderate the spatial-math link in preschoolers?

Elyssa A Geer1, Brianna L Devlin2, Tracy Zehner3

  • 1Anita Zucker Center for Excellence in Early Childhood Studies, University of Florida, USA.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive function, specifically planning, strengthens the connection between spatial skills and math abilities in preschoolers. This suggests planning is key for developing early numeracy.

Keywords:
Executive functionMathematicsModerationPreschoolersSpatial

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • The relationship between spatial skills and mathematical abilities is well-established.
  • Executive functions are crucial for cognitive development and learning in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether executive function moderates the spatial-math link in preschoolers.
  • To identify specific executive functions that may influence this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Data were collected from 242 preschoolers in the Midwest United States.
  • Moderation analyses were conducted for five different executive function measures.
  • The association between spatial assembly and numeracy skills was examined.

Main Results:

  • Planning significantly moderated the spatial-math link (β = .13, p = .017).
  • The positive association between spatial assembly and numeracy was stronger in children with higher planning skills.
  • Other executive functions did not significantly moderate this relationship.

Conclusions:

  • Planning, a component of executive function, appears to strengthen the spatial-math association in preschoolers.
  • These findings offer preliminary evidence for targeted interventions to enhance both planning and spatial skills to improve math outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to confirm these results and explore underlying mechanisms.