Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Video Protocol of Retroviral Infection in Primary Intestinal Organoid Culture
Published on: August 11, 2014
Macrophage-augmented intestinal organoids model virus-host interactions in enteric viral diseases and facilitate
Guige Xu1,2,3, Jiangrong Zhou2, Kuan Liu2,4
1Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
Abstract:
The pathogenesis of enteric viral infections is attributed to both viral replication and the resultant immune-inflammatory response. To recapitulate this complex pathophysiology, we engineer macrophage-augmented organoids (MaugOs) by integrating human macrophages into primary intestinal organoids. Echovirus 1, echovirus 6, rotavirus, seasonal coronavirus OC43 and SARS-CoV-2- known to directly invade the intestine- are used as disease modalities. We demonstrate that these viruses efficiently propagate in MaugOs and stimulate the host antiviral response. However, rotavirus, coronavirus OC43 and SARS-CoV-2, but not the two echoviruses, trigger inflammatory responses. Acetate, a microbial metabolite abundantly present in the intestine, potently inhibits virus-induced inflammatory responses in MaugOs, while differentially affecting viral replication in macrophages and organoids. Furthermore, we provide a proof-of-concept of combining antiviral agent with either anti-inflammatory regimen or acetate to simultaneously inhibit viral infection and inflammatory response in MaugOs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that MaugOs are innovative tools for studying the complex virus-host interactions and advancing therapeutic development.
More Related Videos
10:59Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Intestinal Organoids to Study and Modify Epithelial Cell Protection Against Salmonella and Other Pathogens
Published on: May 12, 2019
07:59Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 BSL-3 Conditions
Published on: September 10, 2021
Related Concept Videos
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents
Functions of the Gut Microbiota
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics
Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology