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How do school nurses spend their time? A quantitative time study within Norwegian school health services.
Gunhild Hustad1, Marit Müller De Bortoli2, Elisabeth Holm Hansen3,4
1University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway. gunhild.hustad@usn.no.
BMC Nursing
|May 14, 2025
Summary
School nurses in Norway spend most of their time on administrative tasks and individual consultations, with less than 40% dedicated to direct interaction with students and guardians. This highlights a need to understand time allocation in school health services.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Nursing Research
- Health Services Management
Background:
- School nurses play a vital role in child and adolescent healthcare.
- Norwegian school nurses independently plan and prioritize activities, with limited understanding of their time allocation.
- This study addresses the knowledge gap in how school nurses spend their time.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the time allocation of school nurses within the Norwegian school health services.
- To provide data for central authorities for planning and staffing.
- To contribute to the continuous development of school health services.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional time study involving 104 school nurses over 10 days.
- Activities were documented using a list of 25 predefined tasks.
- Time was recorded in 10-minute intervals and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Main Results:
- Administrative work (22.1%), individual consultations (15.9%), and meetings (10.9%) comprised the largest time proportions.
- Direct interaction with children, adolescents, and/or guardians accounted for 36% of the time.
- Group activities for pupils and guardians represented a minimal 2.8% of the nurses' time.
Conclusions:
- Significant variation exists in how school nurses allocate their time in Norway.
- Further research is needed to explore the reasons for these variations and the content of different activities.
- The methodology is applicable to understanding time usage in other health sectors and countries.
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