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Related Concept Videos

Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Consultations Within School Health Services: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Gunhild Hustad1, Marit Müller De Bortoli2, Elisabeth Holm Hansen1,3

  • 1Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway.

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|December 1, 2025
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School nurses in Norway face time constraints, with many pupils waiting for consultations. Limited resources impact service delivery, highlighting the need for increased funding to support student health needs.

Keywords:
adolescentschildrenconsultationsmental healthschool health servicesschool nurse

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatric Nursing
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • School health services are crucial for student well-being.
  • Understanding consultation dynamics is key to optimizing care.
  • Norwegian school nurses' practices require detailed examination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the content of school health consultations.
  • To outline school nurses' assessment practices.
  • To identify factors influencing consultation duration.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional observational study in Norway.
  • Data collected via self-report forms from 96 school nurses.
  • Analysis of 382 consultations using descriptive statistics and regression.

Main Results:

  • 30% of pupils experienced waiting times; 29% of consultations were drop-in.
  • 41% of consultations were time-prioritized due to limited resources.
  • Mental health was the primary concern; interruptions negatively impacted consultation length.

Conclusions:

  • This study offers novel insights into Norwegian school health consultations.
  • Findings underscore the need for adequate resources to ensure quality care.
  • Recommendations for policy and budget allocation are implied.