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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Longitudinal Research02:20

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Life Outcomes in Young Adults With Early Language Difficulties: A County-Based Register Study.

Carmela Miniscalco1,2, Joakim Westerlund3, Bibbi Hagberg1,2

  • 1Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|May 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Children with early suspected Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) faced more persistent neurodevelopmental and academic challenges. These individuals also showed higher rates of psychiatric diagnoses and public financial support in young adulthood.

Keywords:
adulthoodcohort studydevelopmental language disorderoutcome

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Area of Science:

  • Child development
  • Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)
  • Public health

Background:

  • Early identification of language difficulties is crucial for long-term outcomes.
  • Child Health Services (CHS) provide routine developmental screenings.
  • Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) can impact various life domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate long-term life outcomes for children screened for language difficulties at 2.5 years.
  • To compare outcomes between children with and without early suspected DLD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 25 children with early suspected DLD and 80 matched controls were analyzed.
  • Public register data were used to track outcomes up to young adulthood.
  • Outcomes included developmental check-ups, educational eligibility, psychiatric diagnoses, and financial support.

Main Results:

  • Children with early suspected DLD were more likely to fail the 4-year check-up (29% vs 9%) and be ineligible for upper-secondary school (24% vs 11%).
  • In their late twenties, 40% of the DLD group received a psychiatric diagnosis compared to 22% of controls.
  • Higher rates of public financial support were observed in the DLD group (16% vs 9%).

Conclusions:

  • Early suspected DLD is associated with persistent neurodevelopmental and academic issues.
  • Individuals with early suspected DLD have an increased risk of psychiatric diagnoses in young adulthood.
  • Early language screening may identify children at risk for long-term challenges.