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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
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Weir01:24

Weir

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A weir is a hydraulic structure designed to partially obstruct an open channel, enabling precise control and measurement of water flow. By forcing water to flow over or through it, a weir allows for accurate determination of discharge rates, making it an essential tool in water resource management. These structures are extensively used in regulating river flows, irrigation systems, and flood control channels.Types of Weirs and Their FeaturesWeirs are categorized primarily into sharp-crested and...
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Censoring Survival Data01:09

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Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different...
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Weir: Problem Solving01:26

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Water flow in open channels is often measured using hydraulic structures such as weirs, which allow precise calculation of discharge. In a rectangular channel, flow rates are measured using three types of weirs: rectangular sharp-crested, triangular sharp-crested, and broad-crested. The weir head is set at a fixed height above the channel bottom, simplifying calculations and enabling the relationship between depth and flow rate to be analyzed.For the rectangular sharp-crested weir, the flow...
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Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
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Decoding WEEV's host adaptation.

Yinong Qiu1, Lei Sun1

  • 1Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

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Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) has adaptable glycoproteins that allow receptor switching. This explains its reduced human pathogenicity but highlights potential re-emergence risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) is an alphavirus responsible for severe neurological disease in equines and humans.
  • WEEV displays unpredictable epidemic cycles and complex host adaptability, posing public health challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms behind WEEV's host adaptability and changing pathogenicity.
  • To understand how glycoprotein modifications influence WEEV's receptor usage and transmission dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent studies by Raju et al. and Fan et al. in Cell.
  • Examination of viral glycoprotein structures and functions.
  • In silico and experimental modeling of WEEV-host interactions.

Main Results:

  • Glycoprotein modifications in WEEV facilitate receptor switching between different hosts.
  • These alterations correlate with decreased pathogenicity in human cell lines.
  • The identified mechanisms provide insights into WEEV's evolutionary trajectory.

Conclusions:

  • Glycoprotein-mediated receptor switching is a key factor in WEEV's host adaptability.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for predicting and mitigating future WEEV outbreaks.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the implications for public health and viral evolution.