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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

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For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Updated: May 17, 2025

Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells
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Cation-Anion Co-doped Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode for Robust and High-Performance Sodium-Ion Storage.

Tao Yang1, Zhenzhen Wu2, Xin Xu1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China.

Small Methods
|May 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

NASICON materials are promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Co-doping Na3V2(PO4)3 with iron and molybdate significantly enhances SIB performance by improving conductivity and ion diffusion.

Keywords:
DFTNVP cathodecation and anion co‐dopingsodium‐ion batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
  • NASICON (Na super ionic conductor) materials are attractive SIB cathodes due to structural stability and high potential.
  • Poor electronic conductivity and limited sodium ion storage capacity hinder NASICON performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the electrochemical performance of Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathodes for SIBs.
  • To investigate the effects of cation (Fe3+) and multivalent anion (MoO4^2-) co-doping on NVP.
  • To improve rate capability, specific capacity, and cyclic stability of NVP-based cathodes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Fe3+/MoO4^2- co-doped NVP (Na3V2-2xFe2x(PO4)3-3x(MoO4)3x) via a co-doping strategy.
  • Electrochemical characterization including rate performance, specific capacity, and cyclic stability tests.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations to analyze electronic conductivity and ion diffusion kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Co-doped NVP exhibits significantly enhanced rate performance, specific capacity, and cyclic stability compared to pristine NVP.
  • The stabilized V4+/V5+ redox reaction at 4.0 V (vs Na/Na+) improves sodium ion de/intercalation.
  • DFT simulations confirm improved electronic conductivity and sodium ion diffusion kinetics in the co-doped material.

Conclusions:

  • Cation-anion co-doping is an effective strategy to boost the performance of NVP-based cathodes for SIBs.
  • The enhanced properties make co-doped NVP a viable candidate for advanced sodium-ion battery applications.
  • This approach offers a scalable pathway for manufacturing high-performance NVP cathodes for SIBs.