Toward Zero-Excess Alkali Metal Batteries: Bridging Experimental and Computational Insights

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Alkali metal batteries (Li, Na, K) are promising for energy storage but face challenges.
• Anode-electrolyte interfaces are critical for battery performance and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current challenges in alkali metal anode-less and anode-free batteries.
• To analyze fundamental processes at the anode-electrolyte interface.
• To discuss solutions for stable battery operation.

Main Methods:

• Critical analysis of electrochemical and electrophysical processes.
• Review of liquid and solid electrolytes, separators, and solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI).
• Integration of experimental characterization and computational modeling.

Main Results:

• Identified challenges in metal nucleation, dendrite growth, and SEI formation.
• Evaluated properties of electrolytes and separators for metal stripping/deposition.
• Highlighted solutions including anode substrate modification and novel electrolyte/SEI designs.

Conclusions:

• Bridging experimental and computational insights is crucial for advancing zero-excess alkali metal batteries.
• Interface engineering and novel materials are key to enabling stable battery performance.
• Future outlooks emphasize integrated experimental and theoretical approaches.