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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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A Solid Polymer Electrolyte with Inorganic-Enriched Cathode Electrolyte Interphases Enabling 5.1 V Solid-State

Chunyi Zhi1,2,3, Yue Hou1, Yiqiao Wang1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel polymer electrolyte (PVTF) with a sacrificial additive (LiDFP) for high-voltage solid-state lithium-ion batteries. This combination stabilizes the cathode and enables excellent cycling and rate performance, paving the way for safer, more energy-dense batteries.

Keywords:
Cathode electrolyte interphaseHigh‐voltageLiDFP additiveSolid polymer electrolyte

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are crucial for developing safe, energy-dense solid-state lithium-ion batteries (SSLIBs).
  • Achieving high-voltage SSLIBs is hindered by the lack of electrochemically stable SPEs and cathode degradation beyond 5 V.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To screen and develop a stable SPE for high-voltage SSLIBs using quantum chemical calculations.
  • To enhance the electrochemical stability of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathode in SSLIBs.

Main Methods:

  • Quantum chemical calculations were used to screen poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVTF) for antioxidant capability.
  • A sacrificial additive, lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP), was incorporated into the PVTF SPE to form a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer.
  • Electrochemical performance was evaluated using Li|PVTF1.0@LiDFP|LNMO cells, complemented by characterization methods to study interphase evolution.

Main Results:

  • The PVTF polymer exhibited strong antioxidant capability, suitable for stable SPEs.
  • The PVTF1.0@LiDFP SPE successfully formed a high-quality CEI layer, stabilizing the LNMO cathode.
  • The Li|PVTF1.0@LiDFP|LNMO cell demonstrated excellent cycling performance (>200 cycles) and rate capability (up to 2 C) at 5.1 V.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of the antioxidant PVTF polymer and LiDFP additive effectively stabilizes high-voltage cathodes in SSLIBs.
  • This approach provides a robust strategy for developing high-performance, safe, and stable high-voltage SSLIBs.
  • The study offers valuable insights for the future development of advanced solid-state battery technologies.