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Finding Groups in a Portuguese Overweight Population, with Real World Data
Andreia Teixeira1,2,3, Rosália Páscoa1,2,4, Luísa Castro2,5
1MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
|May 17, 2025
Summary
Overweight individuals can be divided into two groups: older men with higher health risks and younger women with healthier lifestyles. Tailored interventions are crucial for managing overweight and preventing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Health Informatics
Background:
- Overweight is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including type II diabetes and cardiovascular conditions.
- Identifying distinct subgroups within the overweight population is essential for targeted health interventions.
- Real-world data analysis can reveal population-specific health patterns and risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct subgroups within an overweight population using real-world data.
- To characterize the differences in health status and lifestyle behaviors between identified subgroups.
- To inform the development of tailored management and prevention strategies for overweight individuals.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 573,649 individuals coded with ICPC T83 in 2019.
- Application of k-means clustering after multiple imputations to identify population subgroups.
- Comparison of anthropometric measures, lifestyle behaviors, and clinical intervention patterns between clusters.
Main Results:
- Two distinct clusters of overweight individuals were identified.
- Cluster 1 (C1) comprised older men with higher weight, abdominal perimeter, alcohol/tobacco use, and increased cardiometabolic risk.
- Cluster 2 (C2) consisted of younger women with lower anthropometric measures and healthier lifestyle behaviors; clinicians accessed lifestyle intervention resources more for C1.
Conclusions:
- The overweight population is heterogeneous, necessitating personalized management strategies.
- Cluster 1 requires more intensive interventions focusing on lifestyle modifications and risk reduction.
- Cluster 2 may benefit from preventive strategies and health promotion initiatives to maintain healthy lifestyles.
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