Redefining enhancer action: Insights from structural, genomic, and single-molecule perspectives

David Llères1, Andres Cardozo Gizzi2, Marcelo Nollmann1

  • 1Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, 34090 Montpellier, France.

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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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