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Injectable pH-Responsive Hydrogel Adapted to Gingival Crevicular Fluid Microenvironment for Periodontitis Therapy.

Zhongming Xia1, Bin Zhao2, Jie Xiang3

  • 1The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.

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Summary

This study introduces an alkaline-responsive hydrogel loaded with rutin to treat periodontitis. The novel hydrogel effectively reduces inflammation and promotes tissue repair by releasing rutin in response to alkaline conditions found in periodontitis.

Keywords:
NLRP3hydrogelpH-responsiveperiodontitisrutin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Periodontology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease causing periodontal tissue destruction and tooth loss.
  • Current treatments like scaling often fail to resolve underlying inflammation.
  • Rutin, a flavonoid, has anti-inflammatory potential but poor bioavailability due to hydrophobicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an alkaline-responsive hydrogel for targeted rutin delivery in periodontitis.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional pH-responsive systems by targeting the alkaline pH of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontitis.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of rutin-loaded hydrogel in periodontitis treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an alkaline-responsive dynamic hydrogel using a sulfhydryl click reaction.
  • Encapsulation of rutin within the hydrogel matrix.
  • In vitro assessment of pH-triggered rutin release and its effects on inflammatory factors and periodontal ligament cells.
  • In vivo evaluation using a mouse periodontitis model.

Main Results:

  • The hydrogel demonstrated pH-triggered rutin release in response to alkaline GCF.
  • In vitro studies showed suppression of inflammatory factors and osteoclast differentiation, with improved periodontal ligament cell activity.
  • In vivo studies confirmed significant reduction in inflammation, attenuated bone resorption, and promoted soft tissue reconstruction.
  • Therapeutic effects were linked to modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The developed alkaline-responsive hydrogel is a promising system for targeted rutin delivery in periodontitis.
  • This approach effectively addresses the unique alkaline microenvironment of periodontitis, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
  • The hydrogel offers a novel strategy for managing periodontitis by reducing inflammation and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration.