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Updated: May 20, 2025

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery

Published on: February 13, 2017

Flow Battery with Remarkably Stable Performance at High Current Density: Development of A Nonfluorinated Separator

Wanqiao Liang¹, Ehsan Ghasemiestahbanati¹, Nathan T Eden¹

¹Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|May 19, 2025

Summary

A novel mixed-matrix membrane, SPEEK-SX, enhances organic redox flow battery performance by improving ion transport and selectivity. This sustainable alternative to Nafion enables stable, high-current density operation for grid stabilization.

Keywords:

Ion separation Mixed‐matrix membrane Organic redox flow battery SPEEK Sulphonated hyper‐crosslinked polymer

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Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Energy Storage

Background:

Organic redox flow batteries (ORFBs) offer sustainable grid stabilization potential.
Current separators like Nafion face cost and PFAS-related sustainability issues.
Efficient ion transport and anionic rejection are critical for ORFB performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a sustainable, high-performance membrane for ORFBs.
To improve cation transport while rejecting anions for enhanced cycling stability and current density.
To provide a viable alternative to fluorinated membranes like Nafion.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a mixed-matrix membrane (SPEEK-SX) using sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and sulfonated polydichloroxylene (Sp-DCX).
Characterization of membrane properties, including ion selectivity and conductivity.
Testing of the membrane in an ORFB under high current density conditions.

Main Results:

SPEEK-SX2 demonstrated significantly higher Na⁺/Fe(CN)₆^4- (190x) and Na⁺/2,6-DHAQ^2- (6x) selectivity compared to Nafion-212.
The membrane enabled stable ORFB operation for 600 cycles at 160 mA cm^-2 with minimal capacity decay (0.00935%/cycle).
SPEEK-SX outperformed both a pure SPEEK membrane and Nafion-212 in terms of stability and performance at high current densities.

Conclusions:

The SPEEK-SX mixed-matrix membrane offers superior performance and stability for ORFBs.
This membrane represents a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional fluorinated separators.
The tailored design facilitates efficient ion transport and anion rejection, crucial for grid-scale energy storage applications.