Barriers in an East African Refugee Camp: Applying the Three Delays Framework to Pediatric Surgical Care

Paul Phan1, Alexander J Blum2, Matthew D Price1

  • 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Research Square
|May 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children in a Tanzanian refugee camp face significant delays in accessing surgical care due to multiple barriers. Addressing these delays is crucial for improving health outcomes for refugee children.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Surgical Care Access
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • The three-delays framework (D1: seeking, D2: reaching, D3: receiving care) is a key tool in global health.
  • Understanding barriers to surgical care is critical for vulnerable populations, including children in refugee settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply the three-delays framework to identify factors contributing to delays in surgical care for children in a Tanzanian refugee camp.
  • To analyze barriers in seeking, reaching, and receiving essential surgical services.

Main Methods:

  • A validated surgical needs survey was conducted among parents/guardians of children (0-18 years) in the Nyarugusu refugee camp, Tanzania.
  • Quantified delays using the three-delays framework and employed multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of each delay.

Main Results:

  • Over 48% of children experienced delays in surgical care.
  • Factors associated with seeking delays included older age and prior non-use of primary health centers. Burns were linked to seeking and reaching delays.
  • Congolese nationality and perceived good health predicted delays in receiving care.

Conclusions:

  • Children in this Tanzanian refugee camp face substantial, multifactorial delays in accessing surgical care.
  • Targeted interventions are necessary to mitigate these delays and improve surgical outcomes for refugee children.
Abstract