The impact of artificial intelligence usage on employee moonlighting intention: A moderated mediation model

BackgroundIn recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the contemporary workplace has transformed the landscape of numerous industries. Despite its benefits, AI usage has also brought about significant controversies, particularly concerns over job displacement and job insecurity. These changes may drive employees to consider alternative work arrangements, including moonlighting.ObjectiveDrawing on Conservation of Resources Theory and Career Construction Theory, this study investigates the relationship between AI usage and employee moonlighting intention. Specifically, it explores the mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating effect of career adaptability.MethodA two-wave questionnaire survey was conducted among 376 employees. Structural equation modeling and PROCESS macro in SPSS were used to test the hypothesized relationships, including mediation and moderation effects.ResultsThe findings indicate that AI usage is positively associated with employee moonlighting intention. Job insecurity mediates this relationship, while career adaptability moderates the effect of AI usage on job insecurity. At high levels of career adaptability, the impact of AI usage on job insecurity is significantly reduced or even reversed.ConclusionThis study bridges the topics of AI usage and employee moonlighting, unveiling the psychological mechanism linking technological change to career behavior. By identifying job insecurity and career adaptability as key factors, the study provides both theoretical insights and practical implications for organizations navigating workforce transformation in the era of AI.