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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Hazelnut allergome overview and Cor a gRNAs identification.

Ciro Gianmaria Amoroso1, Giuseppe Andolfo2

  • 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Portici, Italy.

BMC Plant Biology
|May 19, 2025
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Summary

Researchers explored hazelnut allergens (Cor a) across four Corylus species, identifying 52 homologs and developing CRISPR-Cas9 guides for hypoallergenic varieties. This work aids in understanding allergen evolution and developing targeted gene editing strategies.

Keywords:
Corylus Sp.Cor a proteinGenome editingIsoallergensIsoformsMultiplexingPhylogeny

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Allergen research
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Hazelnuts (Corylus species) are nutritious but contain 13 known allergens (Cor a) listed by WHO/IUIS.
  • Genome data enables exploration of hazelnut allergome variability for hypoallergenic breeding.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNA (gRNA) design is crucial for developing hypoallergenic hazelnuts, but tools are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary paths of allergenic Cor a homologs in four Corylus species.
  • To identify and characterize Cor a allergens and their isoforms within the Corylus genus.
  • To provide CRISPR-Cas9 gRNAs for targeting hazelnut allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics analysis of C. avellana, C. americana, C. heterophylla, and C. mandshurica genome assemblies.
  • Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Cor a allergen homologs and isoallergens.
  • Bioinformatic design of CRISPR-Cas9 gRNAs for Cor a gene silencing.

Main Results:

  • 52 Cor a orthologs were identified across the analyzed Corylus species.
  • A recent tandem duplication of Cor a 1 was found in C. americana; new gene models for Cor a 16 and Cor a 10 were predicted.
  • 56 Cor a isoallergens and 10 Cor a isoforms were identified, with phylogenetic analysis revealing evolutionary complexity for Cor a 1, Cor a 2, and Cor a TLP.

Conclusions:

  • This study deepens understanding of hazelnut allergen evolution within the Corylus genus.
  • Highly accurate on-target CRISPR-Cas9 gRNAs were developed for targeting the hazelnut allergome.
  • The findings support the development of hypoallergenic hazelnut varieties through advanced biotechnology.