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Updated: May 22, 2025
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Neural Processing of Immediate versus Delayed Feedback in Action-Feedback and Stimulus-Feedback Associations
Madita Röhlinger1, Christine Albrecht1, Marta Ghio1
1Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|May 20, 2025
Summary
The study found that the brain
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Learning and Memory
Background:
- The feedback-related negativity (FRN)/reward positivity (RewP) and N170 are electrophysiological markers associated with striatal and medial temporal lobe (MTL) activity, respectively.
- These brain regions are implicated in processing feedback and learning associations, with their engagement potentially modulated by feedback timing and association type.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how the type of learned association (action-feedback vs. stimulus-feedback) and feedback timing (immediate vs. delayed) influence striatal and MTL activity.
- To examine the prediction error (PE) representations in FRN/RewP and N170 under different learning conditions.
Main Methods:
- Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity in 40 participants.
- Participants learned associations in either an action-feedback or a stimulus-feedback condition, with both immediate and delayed feedback.
- Analysis focused on the FRN/RewP and N170 components to assess prediction error and feedback valence interactions.
Main Results:
- A prediction error by feedback valence interaction was observed in both FRN/RewP and N170, but was more pronounced in the stimulus-feedback condition.
- The N170 showed a prediction error by feedback valence interaction across all feedback timings for stimulus-feedback associations, but only for immediate feedback in action-feedback associations.
- Delayed feedback reduced the FRN/RewP, while increasing the N170, suggesting altered striatal and MTL engagement.
Conclusions:
- Striatal and MTL systems cooperate across feedback timings for stimulus-feedback associations.
- This cooperation is diminished for action-feedback associations learned with delayed feedback, indicating distinct neural processing based on association type and timing.
- The findings highlight the dynamic interplay between brain regions in feedback learning and the influence of contextual factors like feedback timing and association type.
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