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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

The Use of an Automated System GreenFeed to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals

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Investigation of a port queuing system on CO₂ emissions from container shipping.

Rachel Rhodes¹, Callie Leiphardt¹, Hillary S Young²

¹Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Marine Pollution Bulletin

|May 20, 2025

Summary

New port queuing systems for container ships significantly cut carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by enabling optimized vessel speeds and reducing offshore waiting times. This strategy offers a promising avenue for maritime decarbonization.

Keywords:

Automatic Identification System CO(2) emissions Climate change Maritime shipping Port congestion Port queuing system

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Area of Science:

Maritime logistics
Environmental science
Transportation engineering

Background:

Traditional "first-come, first-served" port systems incentivize inefficient vessel speeds, leading to significant emissions.
The maritime industry seeks strategies to meet decarbonization goals, but port inefficiencies remain a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of a new port queuing system on CO2 emissions from container ships.
To determine if optimized vessel speeds during transpacific voyages reduce emissions.

Main Methods:

Utilized a bottom-up emissions model with vessel specifications and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data.
Analyzed 10,000 voyages from 1157 container ships over 6.5 years (2017-2023).
Compared emissions before and after system implementation at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, using control ports for validation.

Main Results:

Observed 16-24% reductions in CO2 emissions per voyage after implementing the new queuing system.
Control ports showed moderate emissions reductions, attributed to multiple factors.
Identified significant variations in emissions efficiency among ocean carriers.

Conclusions:

The implemented port queuing system effectively reduces CO2 emissions by optimizing vessel speeds.
Further modifications to queuing systems could yield additional emission reductions.
Company-specific practices significantly influence maritime emissions efficiency.