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Updated: May 23, 2025
Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
Published on: January 17, 2025
Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus in osteoblasts and osteocytes and its impact on bone homeostasis during
Quentin Collet1, Frédéric Velard2, Frédéric Laurent1
1CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire de bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, French National Reference Center for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Abstract:
Osteomyelitis is a severe infection of bone tissue that can lead to bone loss and even osteonecrosis. This condition is mostly caused by Gram-positive bacteria, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most common etiological agent. Among the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in osteomyelitis, the ability of S. aureus to be internalized by osteoblasts or osteocytes and to survive within these cells, is particularly noteworthy. Infected osteoblasts and osteocytes not only serve as reservoirs in chronic cases of osteomyelitis but also play an active role in the osteoimmunology process, notably by producing mediators that promote the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts, thereby disrupting bone homeostasis. The present review explores both historical and recent literature on the internalization of S. aureus by osteoblasts and osteocytes, its intracellular behavior following internalization, and its mechanisms for inducing cell death. Additionally, it examines how S. aureus affects bone formation activity and promotes the production of inflammatory and pro-osteoclastic mediators. This review aims to highlight the limitations of current findings and outline key questions for future investigations.
Insights
Osteomyelitis, a severe bone infection often caused by Staphylococcus aureus, involves bacteria invading bone cells. These infected cells promote bone loss and disrupt bone homeostasis, complicating treatment.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Orthopedics
Background:
- Osteomyelitis is a serious bone infection with significant morbidity.
- Staphylococcus aureus is the primary bacterial cause, leading to bone loss and osteonecrosis.
- Bacterial internalization by bone cells is a key factor in chronic osteomyelitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review literature on Staphylococcus aureus internalization by osteoblasts and osteocytes.
- To examine the intracellular behavior and cell death mechanisms of S. aureus within bone cells.
- To investigate S. aureus's impact on bone formation and inflammatory mediator production.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of historical and recent studies.
- Analysis of S. aureus internalization mechanisms in osteoblasts and osteocytes.
- Examination of S. aureus's effects on bone cell function and mediator release.
Main Results:
- S. aureus invades osteoblasts and osteocytes, acting as intracellular reservoirs.
- Infected bone cells contribute to bone resorption and disrupt bone homeostasis.
- S. aureus influences bone formation and promotes inflammatory and osteoclastogenic mediators.
Conclusions:
- Understanding intracellular bacterial behavior is crucial for osteomyelitis pathogenesis.
- Targeting intracellular bacteria and their effects on bone cells may offer new therapeutic strategies.
- Further research is needed to address limitations and explore future therapeutic avenues.
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